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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of three kinds of uterine barriers: cook balloon, Foley balloon and intrauterine devices in preventing re-adhesion after separation of moderate or severe intrauterine adhesions.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, China HowNet, Wanfang and CQVIP were used to retrieve, and the randomized controlled trials on the effect of using COOK balloon, Foley balloon and intrauterine devices to prevent re-adhesion after the separation of moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions were collected from the establishment of the database to December 2021. Revman 5.1 software was used for Meta analysis.Results:A total of 16 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Meta analysis results showed that the rates of preventing postoperative re-adhesion, improving menstruation and pregnancy in COOK balloon were significantly better than those in intrauterine devices ( OR = 0.31, 2.75 and 1.58; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.49, 1.74 to 4.35 and 1.07 to 2.34; P<0.01); the rates of preventing postoperative re-adhesion, improving menstruation and pregnancy in Foley balloon were significantly better than those in intrauterine devices ( OR = 0.39, 1.90 and 1.73; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.57, 1.33 to 2.71 and 1.02 to 2.39; P<0.01 or <0.05). Conclusions:The use of COOK balloon and Foley balloon to prevent adhesion is better than the use of intrauterine devices in preventing re-adhesion in patients with moderate or severe intrauterine adhesions.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) with and without capsular tension ring (CTR) in patients with high myopia and cataract.Methods:MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases were searched from their establishment to October 2020 to obtain peer-reviewed clinical studies comparing the efficacy of cataract phacoemulsification and IOL implantation combined with CTR implantation (experimental group) and cataract phacoemulsification and IOL implantation (control group) in patients with high myopia and cataract.Literature screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessment were implemented based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.A meta-analysis of postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution unit, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), capsular contraction syndrome (CCS), retinal detachment (RD) was performed using Revman 5.3 software with mean difference ( MD) and odds ratio ( OR) describing the effect sizes of measurement data and count data, respectively. Results:Eight studies with 2 085 eyes were included in this study, including 1 054 eyes in the experimental group and 1 031 eyes in the control group.Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in BCVA between the two groups at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, but the improvement in BCVA at 6 months after surgery was significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group ( MD: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.15--0.07; P<0.01). The incidence rates of postoperative PCO ( OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.15-0.36; P<0.01) and CCS ( OR: 0.08; 95 % CI: 0.01-0.65; P=0.02) and RD ( OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.82; P=0.02) were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:The combination of CTR in the treatment of patients with high myopia and cataract can improve the postoperative visual quality and reduce the incidence of postoperative PCO, CCS and RD.
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Objective:To systematically compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in cataract patients with shallow anterior chamber.Methods:A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese databases including CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases.The peer-reviewed literature on the accuracy of IOL power calculation formulas in cataract patients with shallow anterior chamber was searched from the establishment of the database until August 2020.Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.The mean difference ( MD) of mean absolute error (MAE) among different formulas was analyzed.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Results:Seven studies involving 499 eyes were included.The accuracy of six formulas, Barrett Universal Ⅱ, Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and Holladay 2, was evaluated.The MAE of Barrett Universal Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of Hoffer Q ( MD=0.11 D; 95% CI: 0.05-0.17 D; P<0.001), Haigis ( MD=0.08 D; 95% CI: 0.03-0.13 D; P=0.002), and Holladay 2 ( MD=-0.06 D; 95% CI: -0.11--0.01 D; P=0.020). No significant difference was found in the remaining pairwise comparisons (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:The Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula is more accurate than Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Holladay 2 formulas in predicting IOL power in cataract patients with shallow anterior chamber.
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Objective To explore the fluctuation characteristics of long-term doctor's order workload in pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS) and build a daily workload fluctuation prediction model and provide reference for the adjustment of PIVAS work mode. Methods Daily workload data of long-term doctor’s orders from PIVAS in the East Campus of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected , and the time series analysis method was used to analyze the workload fluctuation characteristics and a prediction model was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by fitting parameters and prediction results. Results The fluctuation of PIVAS long-term doctor's daily workload data had the characteristics of periodicity, short-term slow rise and irregular variation. The Winters multiplier model was used to fit the series with R2 = 0.777, the significance value of Ljung-Box statistic value (P value) was 0.060, and the mean absolute error percentage between the fitted and actual values was 4.45%, indicating that the model fitting accuracy was high. The average relative deviation between the predicted and actual results was 3.81%, indicating that the model prediction was effective. Conclusion The model constructed in this study could be used for the analysis and prediction of long-term doctor's orders workload of PIVAS. However, because the workload of doctor's orders has fluctuations such as periodicity and irregular changes, it is necessary to adjust the working model according to the fluctuation characteristics of the workload and the prediction results to ensure the efficient operation of PIVAS.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein （EC）， and to provide evidence for selecting skin detection methods for tuberculosis infection diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis. METHODS The effectiveness and safety of EC compared with purified protein derivative of tuberculin （TB-PPD） were analyzed by the method of systematic review. Cost minimization analysis， cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis were used to evaluate the short-term economy of EC compared with TB-PPD， and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the long-term economy. The evaluation dimensions of innovation， suitability and accessibility were determined by systematic review and improved Delphi expert consultation， and the comprehensive score of EC and TB-PPD in each dimension were calculated by the weight of each indicator. RESULTS The scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation and suitability of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. The affordability scores of the two drugs were consistent， while the availability score of EC was lower than those of TB-PPD. After considering dimensions and index weight， the scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability， accessibility and the comprehensive score of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with TB-PPD， EC performs better in all dimensions of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility. However， it is worth noting that EC should further improve its availability in the dimension of accessibility.
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With the acceleration of social rhythm， the progress of science and technology， and the increase of the number of phubbers， the incidence of cervical degenerative diseases is also increasing year by year. Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy（CSR）， as one of the diseases induced by cervical degeneration， has seriously affected people's quality of life and physical and mental health. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） is effective in the treatment of CSR， but the theoretical and basic experimental evidence is not sufficient， and the current formulation standard of animal model is not unified. Therefore， based on the clinical guidelines of Chinese and Western medicine for CSR and the characteristics of the disease and syndrome， the author systematically summarized and analyzed the existing animal models， and found that the existing models of microvascular clamp nerve root compression method had a poor agreement with the the Chinese and Western medical guidelines， while the modeling methods of spinal canal insertion， autologous bone insertion compression， stainless steel column compression， and fixed frame cervical degeneration reflected a high degree of agreement in the Western medical guidelines. However， the Chinese medical diagnostic criteria were poorly matched. This indicates that the existing animal models of this disease show few TCM syndrome elements， and lack information collection and evaluation in animal behavioral evaluation similar to the four diagnoses of TCM. In conclusion， this paper aims to systematically evaluate the current status of animal model establishment of CSR based on the concept of combination of disease and syndrome， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the model establishment of CSR that is more consistent with clinical characteristics and symptoms of Chinese and Western medicine.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Mingjing granules （MJKL） on the fibrovascular membrane of experimental wet age-related macular degeneration （nAMD） based on macrophages and glial cells and further explain the mechanism of MJKL in the treatment of nAMD. MethodThe experimental nAMD fibrovascular membrane model was established by two-stage laser photocoagulation. BN rats were randomly divided into three groups： model group， anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） group， and MJKL + anti-VEGF group. The model group was given distilled water for intragastric administration. Anti-VEGF group was injected with leizumab injection in the vitreous cavity. MJKL + anti-VEGF group was injected with leizumab injection in the vitreous cavity， and MJKL was intragastrically administered. Ten normal BN rats were not modeled and fed as controls. After 40 days of model making， fundus lesion morphology， lesion exudation area， and MD value were observed by fundus photography （FP）， fundus angiography （FFA）， optical coherence tomography （OCT）， and retinal pigment epithelium （RPE）-choroid-sclera film. The changes in retinal structure were observed by histopathology， and the expression and distribution of F4/80， Iba-1， and GFAP were detected by immunofluorescence. The relative expression levels of F4/80， Iba-1， and GFAP mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe fibrovascular membrane model was established 40d after two-stage laser modeling. The lesion exudation area， MD value， lesion height， and lesion area in the anti-VEGF group were significantly lower than those in the model group （P<0.05）， and the retinal structural damage degree was significantly improved. Compared with the anti-VEGF group， the MJKL + anti-VEGF group significantly decreased the MD value， lesion height， and lesion area （P<0.05）， and lesion area and retinal structural damage degree were significantly improved. The fluorescence intensity of F4/80 and Iba-1 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group （P<0.05）， and that in the anti-VEGF group was significantly lower than that in the model group （P<0.05）. The fluorescence intensity in the MJKL + anti-VEGF group was significantly lower than that in the anti-VEGF group （P<0.05）. The fluorescence intensity of GFAP in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group （P<0.05）， and that in the anti-VEGF group was significantly lower than that in the model group （P<0.05）. The relative expression levels of F4/80， Iba-1， and GFAP mRNA in the model group were significantly increased compared with the normal group （P<0.05）， and the anti-VEGF group was significantly decreased compared with the model group （P<0.05）. The relative expression levels of F4/80， Iba-1， and GFAP mRNA in the MJKL + anti-VEGF group were significantly decreased compared with those in the anti-VEGF group （P<0.05）. ConclusionMJKL combined with anti-VEGF drugs can inhibit the growth of experimental nAMD fibrovascular membrane better than anti-VEGF drugs alone， and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the participation of macrophages and glial cells in the formation of fibrovascular membrane.
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Objective:To explore the application of "upgraded single-entry colonoscope training method" in the primary endoscopic training of refresher doctors.Methods:A total of 71 refresher doctors who participated in the primary single endoscopy training in the Endoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to December 2019 were randomized to two groups: upgraded single-entry endoscopy training group ( n=36) and traditional single-entry endoscopy training group ( n=35). In the first week of training, all the participants learned the basic theory of single-entry enteroscopy insertion. From week 2 to week 11, each doctors of the two groups finally completed 80 to 100 cases of single-entry endoscopy. The upgraded single-entry colonoscopy training group was divided into two stages: "rectum-proximal sigmoid colon" and "descending colon-ileocecal part" with the boundary of descending-sigmoid colon as the dividing point, which was different from the traditional group. At the 12th week, each doctors were assessed by 20 cases of single-entry colonoscopy operation. the success rate of ileocecum insertion, the time to pass through sigmoid colon, the rate of loop formation and the average operation time of successful ileocecum insertion were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 was used for t test or chi-square test. Results:Compared with the traditional single-entry endoscopy training group, the upgraded single-entry endoscopy training group achieved better results in the successful rate of ileocecal insertion (66.8% vs. 59.0%, P=0.005), the time to pass sigmoid colon [(6.05±3.32) min vs. (7.15±3.12) min, P<0.001], the loop rate (35.13% vs. 40.71%, P=0.035), the average operation time of successfully inserting the ileocecal part [(9.01±2.12) min vs. (10.25±3.12) min, P<0.001] and the discomfort response score [(5.19±1.41) vs. (6.70±2.15), P<0.001], with statistical significance between the groups. Conclusion:"Upgraded single-entry endoscopy training method" emphasizes no loop through sigmoid colon, which is more helpful for refresher doctors to master the operation skills of single-entry colonoscopy, shorten the teaching time, and reduce the discomfort of patients, and is suitable for popularization in the teaching.
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Objective:To comprehensively collect the clinical research evidence of Wuqinxi, and provide reference for the future clinical research.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of each database to March 31, 2021. After screening and extracting, SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the basic characteristics, sample size, control and intervention measures, outcomes.Results:Totally 230 studies were included, of which 58.26% (134/230) were randomized controlled trial. The top 6 diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, cervical pain, low back pain, diabetes and knee osteoarthritis. Common outcome included four items of blood lipid tests, blood glucose, immunological indicators and the evaluation of disease-related symptoms, such as pain, sleep and range of motion. The median frequency of Wuqinxi was once a day, 45 minutes each time, 5 days a week and lasted for 3 months. 94.78% (218/230) of the studies reported positive results. The safety and compliance of Wuqinxi intervention were good.Conclusions:The number of clinical studies on Wuqinxi is significantly less than Baduanjin and Taijiquan. It is necessary to formulate the report specification of intervention measures for Wuqinxi, so as to report the intervention plan of Wuqinxi more clearly and transparently.
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Background@#Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is a primary cause of livestock diarrhea. Therefore, effective vaccines are needed to reduce the incidence of ETEC infection. @*Objectives@#Our study aimed to develop a multivalent ETEC vaccine targeting major virulence factors of ETEC, including enterotoxins and fimbriae. @*Methods@#SLS (STa-LTB-STb) recombinant enterotoxin and fimbriae proteins (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41) were prepared to develop a multivalent vaccine. A total of 65 mice were immunized subcutaneously by vaccines and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days post-vaccination (dpv). A challenge test with a lethal dose of ETEC was performed, and the survival rate of the mice in each group was recorded. Feces and intestine washes were collected to measure the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). @*Results@#Anti-SLS and anti-fimbriae-specific IgG in serums of antigen-vaccinated mice were significantly higher than those of the control group. Immunization with the SLS enterotoxin and multivalent vaccine increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations. Compared to diarrheal symptoms and 100% death of mice in the control group, mice inoculated with the multivalent vaccine showed an 80% survival rate without any symptom of diarrhea, while SLS and fimbriae vaccinated groups showed 60 and 70% survival rates, respectively. @*Conclusions@#Both SLS and fimbriae proteins can serve as vaccine antigens, and the combination of these two antigens can elicit stronger immune responses. The results suggest that the multivalent vaccine can be successfully used for preventing ETEC in important livestock.
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microRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of approximately 20-22 nucleotides in length, encoded by endogenous genes, which is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. miRNA exists in a double-stranded form and is single-stranded when activated. miRNA also plays its role by forming miRNA-induced silencing complex, and is involved in various processes such as cell growth, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, migration and invasion. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is a kind of rare malignant neoplasm with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. The early symptoms cannot be detected easily, which is prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The main pathological type of hypopharyngeal carcinoma is squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 95% that can easily develop cervical lymph node metastasis. The role of miRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is of great importance to the targeted therapy of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This paper reviews the progress of the role of miRNA in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Primary aldosteronism(PA) is one of the most common secondary hypertension, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Aldosterone synthase(CYP11B2) was thought to be continuously expressed in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. In recent years, it is found that there were discontinuous CYP11B2 positive cell clusters in adrenal cortex via immunohistochemical staining, and proposed the concept of aldosterone-producing cell clusters(APCC). Thenceforwarding a growing body of studies suggest that there may be a potential causal link between APCC and PA. This article summarizes the latest studies on APCC and provide an update on the potential role of APCC in the pathogenesis of PA.
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Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is one of the complications after radiotherapy for head and neck malignant tumors, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The pathophysiological mechanism of RBI is not completely clear. Current studies suggest that it is involved in a variety of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas astrocyte, as the largest number of glial cells in the CNS, plays an important role in maintaining the CNS homeostasis and responding to CNS injury. In this article, the role of astrocytes in RBI was reviewed.
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Posttranslational modifications of antibody products affect their stability,charge distribution,and drug activity and are thus a critical quality attribute.The comprehensive mapping of antibody modifications and different charge isomers(CIs)is of utmost importance,but is challenging.We intended to quanti-tatively characterize the posttranslational modification status of CIs of antibody drugs and explore the impact of posttranslational modifications on charge heterogeneity.The CIs of antibodies were fraction-ated by strong cation exchange chromatography and verified by capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging detection,followed by stepwise structural characterization at three levels.First,the differences between CIs were explored at the intact protein level using a top-down mass spectrometry approach;this showed differences in glycoforms and deamidation status.Second,at the peptide level,common modifications of oxidation,deamidation,and glycosylation were identified.Peptide mapping showed nonuniform deamidation and glycoform distribution among CIs.In total,10 N-glycoforms were detected by peptide mapping.Finally,an in-depth analysis of glycan variants of CIs was performed through the detection of enriched glycopeptides.Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrated the dynamics of 24 N-glycoforms.The results revealed that sialic acid modification is a critical factor ac-counting for charge heterogeneity,which is otherwise missed in peptide mapping and intact molecular weight analyses.This study demonstrated the importance of the comprehensive analyses of antibody CIs and provides a reference method for the quality control of biopharmaceutical analysis.
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In order to improve the management level of medicine list of medical institutions in China ，and help medical institutions build a medicine list of medical institutions with reasonable drug use structure ，standardized adjustment procedures ， convenient operation and application and scientific evaluation methods ，so as to meet the needs of clinical rational drug use to the greatest extent ，with the support of the Pharmaceutical Care Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association ， China-Japan Friendship Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China （Anhui Provincial Hospital ）jointly initiate and complete Guideline for the Evaluation of Medicine List in Chinese Medical Institutions jointly with a number of medical institutions. In strict accordance with the methodological requirements of World Health Organization standard guidelines ，based on the Delphi method ，the guideline formulation working group has constructed the quality evaluation index system and quantitative scoring table of medicine list management in medical institutions from the 5 dimensions of organization and management ，structure，adjustment，application and e valuation of the list. It is used to help medical institutions evaluate the quality of their medicine list management ，so asto play a positive role in the fine management of medicine list in medical institutions.
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Objective:To compare the diagnosis and respiratory outcomes of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on two criteria and to analyze the criteria's predictive value for adverse respiratory system outcomes.Methods:Clinical data of preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2014 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis and classification of all the subjects were based on two definitions developed by the American National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) in 2001 and 2018. The severity of pulmonary diseases in eligible infants was quantified with pulmonary scores. The incidence of BPD and respiratory outcomes in infants diagnosed with the two criteria were compared. The logistic predictive model was adopted to analyze the predictive value of the two criteria for adverse long-term respiratory outcomes.Results:The study enrolled 240 infants, among which 138 (57.5%) were male. Infants who met the 2001 and 2018 definitions of BPD accounted for 52.9% (127/240) and 24.0% (57/237), respectively. The rate of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation duration, and overall oxygen duration of the infants who met the 2018 definition were significantly higher or longer than those who met the 2001 definition [84.2% (48/57) vs. 63.7%(79/124), χ2=7.84; 24.0 d (7.0-34.5 d) vs. 9.0 d (4.0-26.0 d), Z=－3.01; 66.0 d (49.0-81.5) vs. 47.0 d (38.0-63.8 d), Z=－3.86, P<0.01]. The incidence of adverse respiratory system outcomes and death of the infants who met the 2018 definition were significantly higher than those who met the 2001 definition [38.6% (17/44) vs. 20.9% (19/91), P<0.05]. Of the 180 infants diagnosed with BPD using the 2001 definition, 67 did not meet the 2018 definition and were all discharged before a corrected age of 45 weeks without oxygen requirement. Only 4.3% (2/47) of those with follow-up data were re-hospitalized twice or more due to pulmonary diseases. The predicted value of the 2018 definition for early death or adverse respiratory outcomes in infants was significantly higher than that of 2001, with the areas under the curves of 0.871 and 0.840, respectively. The area difference under the curve was 0.031 ( Z=2.09, P=0.037). Conclusions:Compared with the one in 2001, the 2018 definition of BPD is stricter, which could be able to identify BPD infants with severer pulmonary status and outcomes and is unlikely to miss cases with adverse respiratory outcomes. The 2018 definition performs well in predicting death or adverse respiratory outcomes in early infancy.
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Objective:To investigate the current situation and needs of pharmaceutical training for general practice faculty.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2019. The participants were general practice faculty attending the national training course in Zhongshan Hospital and selected by convenience sampling method.Results:A total of 219 general practice teachers participated in the survey, 51.14% (112/219) of the participants thought that the current pharmaceutical knowledge did not meet the needs of pharmaceutical services in daily work, and 67.58% (148/219) attended pharmacy related training every year, and the frequency was mainly 1—2 times per year (56.62%, 124/219). The main reasons for attending the training were working needs (68.24%, 101/148) and willingness (55.41%, 82/148); 63.51% (94/148) of the participants thought that the training was moderate or less effective, mainly because of the weak strength of trainers (40.54%, 60/148), insufficient attention paid by trainers (37.16%, 55/148) and lack of depth (37.16%, 55/148). The survey showed that 76.26% (167/219) of general practice teachers had pharmaceutical training needs; and gender, working years and working experience in secondary and/or tertiary hospitals were influencing factors for pharmaceutical training needs. And female faculty, those working less than 10 years and with working experience in secondary hospitals had higher demand for pharmaceutical training. The expected pharmaceutical training focused primarily on the selection and optimization of medication schemes (72.60%, 159/219), interaction/incompatibility between medicines (62.10%, 136/219) and pharmaceutical care in medical treatment (57.08%, 125/219). The expected training methods were mainly interactive case analysis and discussion (69.41%, 152/219) through the internet or APP (such as WeChat) (54.34%, 119/219); the expected training frequency was no more than once in two months (36.07%, 79/219), better in working time (48.86%, 107/219) and each session was 30—45 minutes (38.36%, 84/219).Conclusion:General practice faculty has a high demand for pharmaceutical training. Targeted, individualized and systematic pharmaceutical training courses should be developed according to the pharmaceutical training needs of participants.
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OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy in the treatment of loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS The clinical data of 45 patients （observation group ） with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma（Ⅲ/Ⅳa stage ）who received albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy in our hospital from August 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score was used to match 45 patients（control group ）with loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received docetaxel combined with cisplatin and fluorouracil inductive chemotherapy. After inductive chemotherapy ，both groups received intensity-modulated radiochemotherapy （IMRT）；observation group was additionally given concurrent nedaplatin chemotherapy ，and control groups was given concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. Clinical efficacy and the incidence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS All patients completed treatment and 3-year follow-up. After inductive chemotherapy and 1，3 months after concurrent radiochemotherapy ，there was no statistical significance in short-term response between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. There was no significantly difference in 3-years local control rate and 3-years free from distant metastasis between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. The incidences of leucopenia （grade 3 or above ）in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ，and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in observation group was higher than that in control group （P＜0.05）. The incidences of thrombocytopenia （grade 2 or above ），rash and vomiting （grade 2 or above ）in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ，but the difference was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other ADR between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin inductive chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is effective and tolerable ．
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets (Ⅱ) in Chinese women with dysmenorrhea.Methods:This was a single-arm, open-label, interventional, multicenter, post-authorization safety/effectiveness study of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets (Ⅱ) across 6 treatment cycles, a total of 526 patients were included in the dysmenorrhea subgroup. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of menstrual pain. Secondary outcomes included unintended pregnancies, bleeding pattern, cycle control and safety.Results:After treated with drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets (Ⅱ), VAS of pain had decreased significantly compared with baselines [(49.5±23.7) vs (32.3±24.9) vs (20.7±19.4) vs (18.4±18.7) mm, P<0.01]. From the second cycle to the fifth cycle, the incidence of scheduled bleeding increased from 93.9% (450/479) to 96.4% (431/447). The duration of scheduled bleeding decreased from (5.7±2.7) to (5.4±1.8) days. The incidence of intermenstrual bleeding decreased from 9.0% (43/479) to 5.6% (25/447). 17.5% (92/526) patients reported adverse drug reactions, most frequently reported adverse events were breast pain, nausea, breast swelling, headache, and uterine bleeding. No death occurred during the study. Conclusion:Drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets (Ⅱ) is effective for the treatment of dysmenorrhea and has good safety.
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Objective:To investigate the current situation of children′s awareness of disaster prevention and self-rescue ability in Mianyang area, provide reference for the development of scientific training programs on children′s disaster knowledge, and improve children′s survival ability during the disaster occurence.Methods:Through literature review and expert consultation, the questionnaire was designed by ourselves.Multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate 2 162 cases from county (city) high school, junior high school and primary school in Mianyang area.Results:8.3% of children had weak disaster awareness.Children had a good understanding of disaster related knowledge, with the highest alarm call awareness rate of 91.8%, fire, flood, earthquake escape and earthquake warning score of 86.5%, 84.2%, 84.2%, 83.0%.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and fire hydrant operation awareness rate was very low (58.8%, 57.4%). Even some children still chose improper escape behavior.The scores of early warning knowledge and first aid skill were correlated with gender and age.In knowledge of disaster precursors, using of fire extinguishers and hydrants, and first aid skills, the scores of boys were significantly higher than those of girls ( P<0.001). Except for fire-related knowledge, gas leakage escape and shelter awareness rate, the older the children were, the higher the scores were ( P<0.05). The scores of early warning, escape knowledge and first aid skills were correlated with the location of home, and the differences were significant ( P>0.001). More than 80.0% of children chose flashlights, food and water, and emergency kits, while 65.0% to 75.0% children thought it was not necessary to prepare a radio, telephone directory, and cash. Conclusion:Children′s awareness of disaster reduction and self-rescue ability are generally good, but there are still insufficient first-aid skills and improper choice of escape behavior.The education of disaster awareness and self-rescue ability should be strengthened in children′s basic education so as to reduce the casualties of children caused by disasters.